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Furniture for trade enterprises plays an important role in the rational organization of the trade and technological process in the store. It is widely used in various operations related to the acceptance, storage and sale of goods4.

Bed linen occupies a large share in our assortment, it is most often placed on racks - with a vertical or frontal display of goods: so that the buyer can immediately evaluate the texture and pattern of the fabric.

Since bedding sets are quite heavy goods, care must be taken that the racks are strong enough, as well as their uniform and symmetrical loading (otherwise the rack may fall).

Related products - pillows, blankets, bedspreads - are not so much heavy as voluminous, so for them, just like for bedding sets, racks with wide shelves are suitable. We will also purchase floor hangers for home clothes: they will take up little space, and an expanded selection of textiles will make the store more interesting and useful for the buyer.

The following types of furniture are required for the trading floor:

She hung island ones (for bathrobes, T-shirts, home kits). The island hanger is shown in Figure 2;

Figure 2 - Island hanger

Whatnots (for pillows, blankets, towels, handkerchiefs, tablecloths, etc.). The whatnot is shown in Figure 3;

Figure 3 - Whatnot

Wall racks (shown in Figure 4);

Figure 4 - Wall rack

Island racks (double-sided with side shelves) are shown in Figure 5;

Figure 5 - Double-sided island rack with side shelves

Settlement and cash node.

All furniture is easy to use, provides a wide display of goods and creates maximum convenience when selecting goods by customers. It meets the operational, technical, economic, ergonomic, aesthetic and sanitary requirements5.

All furniture is relatively inexpensive and economical to operate.

the main dimensional furniture, i.e. its height, width and length, the height of the shelves and other elements for displaying goods, are set taking into account the growth and proportions of the human figure and ensure minimal fatigue for the attendants, as well as good visibility of the goods and free access to them buyers. The shape, proportions and color of commercial furniture correspond to its functional purpose and architectural and artistic design of the interior of the store's trading floor. It emphasizes the unity of the store's interior ensemble.

The finishing of commercial furniture is linked to the overall solution of the equipment, i.e., to its shape and design. Trade furniture is painted in neutral calm colors. The color of the furniture is in harmony with the interior of the store. The location of commercial furniture is presented in Appendix D.

Our store operates on the principle of self-service, when selling goods using this method, the most rational linear layout of the trading floor, when the arrangement of equipment and aisles for customers are planned in the form of parallel lines.

With the help of a linear layout, it is convenient to regulate the direction of movement of customer flows, to organize a single checkout unit of the store. It provides a good view of the trading floor. At the same time, buyers who are in the hall get the opportunity to independently select goods and thus make a complex purchase, spending a minimum of time on it.

Our store uses a combined linear layout that combines both longitudinal and transverse layouts.

Let us determine the degree of efficiency in the use of the area by calculating the technical and economic indicators.

The installation area coefficient is calculated by formula 5;

Ku=Su/St.z, (5)

where S y - installation area (sq.m);

S t. h - area of ​​the trading floor (142.8 sq.m.);

K y is the coefficient of the installation area.

We calculate the installation area, for this we multiply the area of ​​\u200b\u200beach commercial equipment by its quantity, and summarize everything:

Su \u003d (0.9x0.6x15) + (1.15x0.6x18) + (1.15x0.9x5) + (0.6x1.1x2) + (1.2x1.1x4) + (0.8x0.8x2) + (1x0.9x4) + (1.2x0.53x10) + (0.9x0.45x1) = 50.15 sq.m.;

We will calculate the coefficient of the installation area according to formula 5:

K y=50.15/142.8=0.35.

These calculations tell us that 35% of the trading floor is occupied by equipment, this figure is considered high, and indicates that the trading equipment on the trading floor is placed rationally.

Trading equipment includes small devices used in various trading operations.

Our store needs the following inventory:

Sanitary and hygienic, necessary for the care of goods and premises. This group includes buckets, brushes, rags;

For opening containers. to open the container we need: a clerical knife, scissors.

Preparing goods for sale. This includes: steam iron;

Checking the quality and dimensions of goods. This group will include centimeters, to check the size of garments;

Display of goods. Inventory for displaying goods is installed in the trading floor and window display cases. This includes mannequins, hangers, brackets for the finished product;

Customer Service. Inventory for customer service - mirrors, fitting rooms;

Accounting inventory and inventory for the release of goods to customers. Let's take here: a calculator, a plate for money, a box for checks.

All necessary trade stock and trade equipment are presented in Table 5.

Table 5 - Trade equipment and trade inventory

Table 5 continued

The store has two entrances and exits, which are equipped with a burglar alarm (OPS) for opening, they are closed with internal locks (1st entrance for customers, and the other for service). The windows are equipped with a burglar alarm (OPS) for breaking.

The trade inventory of the store is called household items necessary for preparing goods for sale, laying them out on the shelves, slides, shop windows and dispensing goods to customers. Trade inventory consists of various small fixtures and tools.

The most important part of the inventory is the tools with which the seller directly performs most of the work operations: he processes the goods, opens the container, cuts the packaging paper, etc. Such tools include knives, shovels, nail pullers, abacus, pins for checks, etc.

Each store (department, tent) must have all the inventory necessary for the smooth operation of the seller or packer. Inventory must be wiped daily and washed regularly with hot soda solution. Spare inventory is at the disposal of the store manager and is issued only with his permission.

To prepare goods for sale, apply:

1. tools for opening containers: hammers, pincers, various nail pullers, knives for opening bags, taps for hoops, wrenches for unscrewing corks from iron barrels, etc.;
2. scales and devices for preliminary packaging of goods;
3. inventory for checking the quality of goods in the process of their selection and preparation for sale: probes, etc.;
4. equipment for delivering goods to workplaces and placing them on counters, shelves, in cabinets: carts, trays, baskets, trays, vases, dishes, etc.

After the goods are selected and checked for quality, they are served on the trading floor and placed at the workplaces of sellers. Placement and display of goods is one of the important conditions for the proper organization of the workplace of the seller. The methods and forms of display can be different, and they depend not only on the working conditions of the seller, the equipment of the workplace, inventory, assortment ...

When cutting weighted bread with a lever knife, it is important to follow the most rational sequence of working movements. For this purpose, several methods of slicing bread are recommended. In table. reproduces the widespread method of slicing weighted bread with a knife designed by Gabrielyants, Suchkov and Takhmazyan and weighing on ordinary table scales. With this technique of work of the seller, a simple left hand is 24%, and ...

When selling bread, confectionery and groceries, ordinary desktop scales (VNO), desktop closed (VNZ) and dial scales (VNTs) are used. Closed scales are more convenient than ordinary ones in that their mechanism is covered with a casing, and, therefore, they can be in operation for a much longer period without cleaning and repair. Dial scales are considered the best, the use of which in trade helps to increase labor productivity ...

At the workplace, scales are installed in such a way that it is more convenient for the seller to work, and for the buyer to observe the correct weighing. Table scales, ordinary and closed, must be installed on a flat horizontal surface of the counter, calibrated with a level, and constantly be in a state of equilibrium. In bakery shops and departments, these types of scales should be recessed into the cutouts of the counters so that the cups ...

The premises of shops, including bread, confectionery, grocery, are divided into three main parts: a trading floor in which goods are sold; storerooms and utility rooms for receiving, storing and preparing goods for sale; administrative premises. When planning stores, there are a number of requirements. For the free movement of buyers, the trading floor must have: length - at least 5 m width of aisles ...

TRADING INVENTORY

(Toolkit)

Kirov 2007

Various devices, devices and tools used in the trading and operational process are called trading inventory. Depending on the purpose and use, it is divided into groups:

To check the quality of goods;

To prepare for the sale and sale;

To display goods;

for storage;

Sanitary and hygienic, etc.

The number and types of commercial inventory depend on the range of goods sold, service methods, store turnover and the general level of its equipment with commercial and technological equipment.

Equipment for opening containers and packaging

Inventory for opening containers and packages are subdivided according to the types of containers (Fig. 1).

Used to open wooden barrels figured nail levers for excavating the bottoms of barrels, a cooper's tap, a wooden hammer for removing hoops and their nozzles. To open wooden boxes, a nail puller-scissors, a nail puller, a hammer, pincers, as well as combined devices are used: a hammer-nail puller, scissors-nail puller, hammer-axe-nail puller (tomahawk), etc.

Figure 1 - Inventory for opening containers:

1 - hammer-nail puller; 2 - ticks; 3 - ordinary nail puller; 4 - tomahawk; 5 - nail clipper; 6 - figured lever-nail puller for opening the bottoms of barrels; 7 - cooperage; 8 - sickle-shaped knife; 9 - wooden hammer for knocking hoops off barrels.

To open soft and semi-soft containers (linen, jute and paper bags, matting sacks) sickle-shaped knife with a thickening at the end of the blade(for the purpose of safe working conditions and for the preservation of containers).

Inventory for determining the quality of goods used to control the quality of eggs, soft drinks, wine, deli, groceries and bulk goods (Fig. 2).

Samplers(probes) are designed to take samples of bulk goods, butter, cheese, quality control of watermelons and melons.

Ovoscope-vinoscope for checking the quality of eggs, soft drinks, beer and wines through the light, it consists of a body in which an electric lamp is mounted, and two removable caps with slots (for eggs - 20 pcs. and bottles - 2 pcs.).

Figure 2 - Inventory for determining the quality of goods:

1 - probe for bulk goods; 2 - probe for butter and cheese.

Inventory for preparing for the sale and sale of goods includes the largest group of devices and tools (Fig. 3).

Used to prepare goods for sale decks for cutting meat and fish, cutting boards for cutting and slicing goods, whorls for dairy products. Chopping and gastronomic boards are made monolithic from hardwood or plywood in four sizes. They are polished, impregnated with vegetable oil. When washing the boards, it is not recommended to use boiling water, as well as to dry near heating appliances.

Whorls serve for hashing of milk, sour cream and other dairy products in cans and flasks. The whorl is a metal rod with a handle in the form of a ring at one end and a soldered disk with holes at the other end.

cutting tools are intended for manual cutting, cutting and a cut of foodstuff.

The most common type of cutting tools are knives. Knife consists of a canvas and a handle. The canvas is made of hard, heat-treated types of steel. The sharp front part of the canvas is called the toe, the opposite, facing the handle, is the heel; the sharpened part of the blade is the blade, and the opposite part is the butt. Knife handles are made of wood or plastic.

Figure 3 - Inventory for preparing for the sale and sale of goods:

1 - cheese knife; 2, 3, 4 - gastronomic knives; 5 - knife-bread cutter; 6 - knife for cutting meat; 7 - musat for straightening knives; 8 - scoop for groceries; 9 - fork for sauerkraut; 10 - confectionery tongs; 11 - confectionery blades; 12 - gastronomic forks; 13 - blades for selling oil; 14 - shovels for cleaning barrels

All knives can be subdivided into three groups: for cutting meat and fish, gastronomic, bread cutting. Different purpose knives differ in length, width and thickness of the blade, size and weight. The denser the consistency of the cut product, the wider and shorter the knife blade should be, and the larger the diameter of the cut product, the longer the blade. Knives should be comfortable for work, the handle should be tight, not allowing pitching and turning of the blade. The blade is sharpened evenly at an angle of 30 ... 40 ° and it should not have nicks and burrs. Different knives also have a different shape of sharpening the blade; at the knife for cutting cheeses, the handle is raised above the canvas. They also produce a string knife for cutting cheese butter monoliths into bars. To do this, use a piano string with a diameter of 0.2 ... 0.5 mm with two handles made of hard wood. The length of the string knife is 600 mm, it can also be used when cutting large blocks of cheese.

Axes meat grinders (stupid) are designed for cutting meat carcasses, large fish, poultry, etc.

shoulder blades trade are used for the sale of semi-finished products, culinary and confectionery products, berries, melted butter or fats and other goods. They consist of a base and a handle with a handle. The base and handle are made of metal, the handle is made of wood or plastic, the blades can be all-metal (stamped). The shapes and sizes of the blades depend on their purpose. The base of the blade may have slots of various shapes and sizes.

Forks retail stores are used to display and sell meat, fish and gastronomic products, semi-finished products, bread. The most common are two-horned gastronomic forks and five-horned forks for loosening and selling sauerkraut. The base of the fork is made of stainless steel, the handles are made of wood or plastic. They also produce forks with a dropper.

Forceps trade are used for the sale of confectionery, semi-finished products, culinary fish products. Forceps are made of one-piece stamped, springy due to the flexibility of the metal, or from two parts connected by a hinge.

scoops for packaging and selling bulk goods are made of sheet aluminum, plastic or wood, as well as metal with a wooden or plastic handle. The capacity of scoops can be different (1 kg, 0.5 kg, 0.25 kg).

Used to sell pickles ladle with holes in the bottom or a hemisphere of stainless mesh with a long handle, bucket capacity 2 ... 2.5 kg.

Set of dishes for the sale of vegetable oil includes a tank with a capacity of 30 liters for storing a working supply of oil, a jug with a handle for pouring oil into customers' dishes, a mug with a vertical handle for adding oil, a funnel, a lid and a drip tray with a grate that serves as a stand. All products are made from aluminium.

When selling goods, pouring spoons are used ( ladles) for the sale of sour cream, shoulder blades for cleaning barrels strainers, scrapers for stripping oil monoliths, nets for live fish and other devices.

Trading equipment is a variety of devices, tools and devices used in the process of trading work.

Proper use of inventory helps to speed up the trading and operational process, improve customer service culture, improve conditions and increase employee productivity, and reduce distribution costs. The inventory should be simple, durable, not bulky, cheap, easy to use, meet aesthetic and sanitary and hygienic requirements. Inventory is made of metal, wood, glass, plastics. The range of inventory is constantly expanding and improving. This is facilitated by competitions, fairs and exhibitions of commercial equipment held by the Soyuzinventory office of the USSR Ministry of Trade.

According to their purpose in the trading and operational process, inventory is divided into several groups: for opening and capping containers, checking the quality of goods, preparing them for sale, dispensing goods and serving customers, advertising and decorating. In addition, counting, auxiliary, fire and sanitary and hygienic inventory is used.

To inventory for opening and sealing wooden boxes include metal hammers, a nail puller, pincers and combined tools - a nail puller - a hammer - an ax (tomahawk), a nail puller - scissors, a nail puller - a hammer and a nail puller - a hammer - scissors. Combined tools perform a set of operations to open containers. To open wooden barrels, wooden hammers, cooperage heels for removing hoops, special hoop pullers and curly levers are used.

The hoop remover consists of a heel and a hook pivotally connected to the handle. The curly lever is needed to remove the capping bottom from the barrel. The plugs of metal barrels are unscrewed with a socket wrench, which is a square-section steel rod with ends bent at a right angle. Bags and cardboard boxes are opened with sickle-shaped knives with a thickening at the end of the blade, which protects the container from accidental cuts. In warehouses, manual machines are used for wrapping boxes and bales with steel tape.

Inventory for checking the quality of food products includes samplers, templates, vinoscopes - ovoscopes. Samplers (probes) for sampling butter, cheese, watermelons, bulk goods have a wooden or metal handle and a groove-shaped blade. Templates are plastic or metal plates with five holes with a diameter of 42, 45, 51, 60 and 70 mm. They are used to sort lemons by size. A vinoscope - an ovoscope consists of a hemispherical body and two removable covers with holes for translucent wine (in bottles) and eggs. A 40 watt electric lamp is installed in the lower part of the case. At the same time, this device can enlighten two bottles of wine or 20 eggs.

Inventory for checking the quality of industrial goods includes measuring rulers, shields for checking light bulbs and appliances, devices for checking meters, batteries, clock accuracy, pressure gauges, amperovoltmeters, antenna devices, etc.

TO inventory to prepare for the sale of food products c include knives, axes, saws, strings, gastronomic boards, chairs (stacks), devices for welding plastic bags, scoops, spatulas, tongs, forks.

Knives are divided into three groups: meat and fish cutting, gastronomic and bread-cutting.

Meat and fish cutting knives include knives - billhooks for cutting large bones, cartilage, carcasses of lamb, poultry; knives - cutters for cutting small bones, large pieces of meat; boning knives with a narrow and short blade for cutting the pulp and removing it from the bones; knives for cutting fish.

Gastronomic knives - for cutting sausages, ham, fish gastronomy - have a long and narrow blade with a pointed end. A butter knife has a blade with a blunt end, a cheese knife has a handle fixed above the blade.

Bread-cutting knives have a wide blade. The handle of the knife is wooden, thickened at the place where the blade is attached.

Meat-cutting axes are used for cutting carcasses of meat, fish, poultry; saws - hacksaws - for sawing large bones and carcasses of frozen meat. Steel strings with a diameter of 0.2-0.5 mm, a length of 600 mm with two handles are used to cut a monolith of butter into bars.

Boards for cutting gastronomic products are made of hardwood - oak, beech, etc. Chairs (blocks) for cutting meat and fish are a range of solid wood or a set of wooden bars tied with a metal tape.

Inventory for preparing for the sale of industrial goods includes irons, ironing boards, brushes for clothes, scissors, shovels, scoops, glass cutters, rulers for cutting glass, an electrical appliance for packing nails and screws.

The electrical appliance consists of an electromagnet and an autotransformer. The electromagnet is made in the form of a cylinder with a plastic handle and a button-switch. The autotransformer has a switch with four positions, which correspond to the weight of 200, 300, 400 and 500 g of goods.

Goods issue inventory includes cutting tools (knives, axes, scissors) and tools for taking goods (shovels, shovels, forks, tongs).

To customer service inventory include baskets and trolleys for the selection of goods by customers, stands and horns for trying on shoes, measuring rings for hats, fitting mirrors, soft meters (centimeters), devices for piercing holes in watch straps. In addition, this group includes a twine cutter and a holder for gluing tape:

Twine cutters (tabletop and hanging) are used when tying packaged goods. The desktop twine cutter consists of a body, a knife and a removable axis with a diameter of 20 mm for a twine bobbin. When packing large-sized goods, a hanging splitter is used. It has a wire body with a vertically mounted bobbin of twine. A bracket with a knife is fixed on the outer side of the body. The adhesive tape holder is used for sealing with a special tape (cellophane film with a non-drying adhesive layer) goods pre-packed in paper or polymer film. A roll of tape with a width of 19, 38, 50 or 100 mm is fixed in the holder body.

Advertising and exhibition inventory designed for displaying and advertising goods in trading floors and window showcases. In grocery stores, for these purposes, trays are used for cakes, meat and fish products, fish and pickles, glass containers for bulk and liquid goods, vases for confectionery, baskets for fruits and vegetables. In department stores, mannequins, trays, baskets, cassettes, brackets, tablets with samples of small goods, clothes hangers are used for this purpose. Stands are widely used for advertising goods, which can be universal and specialized, non-separable, collapsible and folding, dynamic and fixed.

Decorating supplies, i.e. window dressing and product exhibitions by decorators, includes a hammer with a nail puller, pliers, scissors, a hacksaw for wood and metal, a glass cutter, screwdrivers, an electric soldering iron, a drill, a jigsaw.

To counting inventory include office accounts, tattoos for checks, coin boxes (plates for coins), sponges for wetting fingers when counting money, additional cash desks; to auxiliary equipment - shovels for stripping barrels, ice creams for lead and mastic seals, musats (steel round rods with a handle) for straightening knives, folding ladders.

fire equipment designed to extinguish fires. This group includes foam and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, hydro-pulley buckets, water barrels, sand boxes, fire shields with a set of tools (hooks, axes, shovels).

Sanitary equipment designed to maintain cleanliness in the premises. These are waste bins, buckets and bins for waste, sweeps, brushes, scoops for garbage, accessories for washing shop windows, buckets and basins for washing.

Each trade enterprise creates a set of necessary trading inventory in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Trade of the USSR No. 123 of July 11, 1968. This order contains a list of mandatory equipment for equipping stores.

The trade equipment - a coin box plastic for reasonable prices.