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Slide text: Topic: "Cast irons. Classification of cast irons"
Slide text: 1. Fluidity - the ability of metals and alloys in a molten state to fill the cavities of a casting mold (+) 2. Crystallization is the transition of a metal from a solid state to a liquid state (-) 3. Creep - the ability of a material to slowly and continuously deform plastically.... (+) 4. Malleability - the ability of metals and alloys to be subjected to various methods of mechanical processing and cutting tools. (-) 5. Shrinkage - the ability of metals and alloys to shrink in size after solidification. (+) Blitz survey
Slide text: Cast iron is an alloy of iron and carbon, the carbon content is more than 2.14%.
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Slide text: IMPURITIES USEFUL HARMFUL MANGANESIS - increases the hardness of cast iron SILICON - increases strength and toughness, improves casting properties. SULFUR - reduces strength, worsens casting properties PHOSPHORUS - increases fragility
Slide text: depending on the degree of graphitization, which determines the type of fracture - into gray, white and half (or bleached); depending on the shape of graphite inclusions - into cast iron with lamellar, spherical (high-strength cast iron), vermicular and flake (malleable cast iron) graphite; depending on the purpose - for structural and cast iron with special properties; according to the chemical composition - alloyed and unalloyed. Classification and properties of cast iron.
Slide text: Classification of cast iron: 1. By structure: 1) Primary cast iron - white or pig iron (c = 3.7% - 4.5%) Fe3C - cementite for producing steel. 2) Gray or cast iron. grade: SCh – 15 Marking of gray cast iron: Letters SCh – (indicate gray cast iron) Numbers – tensile strength, kgf/mm2; Example SCh – 18 – Gray cast iron, 18 - – tensile strength, 18 kgf/mm2;
Slide text: 3) Malleable cast iron KCh - 40 - 10, KCh 40-20 Marking of malleable cast irons: Letters KCh - (indicate malleable cast iron) Numbers - (1 - number - tensile strength, kgf/mm2, 2 - relative elongation, %) Example CN - 35 - 10 - Malleable cast iron, 35 - tensile strength, 35 kgf/mm2, 10 - elongation, 10%)
Slide text: 4) High-strength cast iron ductile iron - 35 Marking of ductile cast iron: Letters ductile iron - (denote high-strength cast iron) Numbers - (1 - number tensile strength, kgf/mm2, 2 - relative elongation, %) Example HF - 42 - 12 - Malleable cast iron, 42 - tensile strength, 35 kgf/mm2, 12 - relative elongation, 10%)
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Slide text: 5) Anti-friction cast iron - obtained on the basis of gray, high-strength and malleable cast irons. Marking of anti-friction cast iron: Letters АЧ– (indicate anti-friction cast iron) Numbers – brand number according to GOST Example AChS – 2, anti-friction gray cast iron, 2 – brand number according to GOST.
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Slide text: X – CHROME; D – COPPER T – TITANIUM M – MOLYBDENUM N – NICKEL Y – ALUMINUM C – SILICON G – MANGANEZ F – VANADIUM 6) Alloyed cast irons are cast irons into which special elements are introduced to improve the properties of cast irons.
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Slide text: ChN 1KhMD - alloy cast iron, nickel content - 1%, molybdenum and copper content - up to 1.5%
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Slide text: What is the name of cast iron, which contains carbon in the form of cementite? What is the name of cast iron produced by slow cooling? What is spherical cast iron called? What kind of cast iron is converted into steel? What is the name of cast iron obtained by annealing? What is the name of cast iron in which carbon is in the form of graphite plates? What is the name of the cast iron obtained as a result of modification? What is the name of cast iron with graphite in the form of flakes? Which cast iron has high casting properties? Which cast iron has high ductility? Answer form: a combination of the number of the question and the letter of the answer. Answer options: a) gray b) white c) malleable d) high-strength
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Slide text: 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.b 5.c 6.a 7.d 8.c 9.a 10.c Answers:
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Slide text: 1. Cast iron Transportation of timber by river 2. Metal The main component of cast iron 3. Non-metal An undesirable component of cast iron Crossword "Association"
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Slide text: 4. Alloying additives Alloys of iron with silicon, manganese 5. Alloying element Leather 6. Non-metal in cast iron Component of rock
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Slide text: 7. Non-metal Main component of cast iron 8. Alloying element Prominent personality 9. Alloying element Forest
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Slide text: Message: “Cast irons used in mechanical engineering” Learn the classification of cast irons and their markings. Homework.
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Blitz survey
1. Fluidity - the ability of metals and alloys in a molten state to fill the cavities of a casting mold (+) 2. Crystallization is the transition of a metal from a solid state to a liquid state (-) 3. Creep - the ability of a material to slowly and continuously deform plastically....(+) 4. Malleability - the ability of metals and alloys to be subjected to various methods of mechanical processing and cutting tools. (-) 5. Shrinkage - the ability of metals and alloys to shrink in size after solidification. (+)
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Cast iron is an alloy of iron and carbon, with a carbon content of more than 2.14%.
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IMPURITIES
USEFUL HARMFUL MANGANESIS - increases the hardness of cast iron SILICON - increases strength and toughness, improves casting properties. SULFUR - reduces strength, worsens casting properties PHOSPHORUS - increases fragility
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Classification and properties of cast iron.
depending on the degree of graphitization, which determines the type of fracture, into gray, white and half (or bleached); depending on the shape of graphite inclusions - into cast iron with lamellar, spherical (high-strength cast iron), vermicular and flake (malleable cast iron) graphite; depending on the purpose - for structural and cast iron with special properties; according to the chemical composition - alloyed and unalloyed.
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Classification of cast iron:
1. By structure: 1) Primary cast iron - white or pig iron (c = 3.7% - 4.5%) Fe3C - cementite for steel production. 2) Gray or cast iron.
grade: SCh – 15 Marking of gray cast iron: Letters SCh – (indicate gray cast iron) Numbers – tensile strength, kgf/mm2; Example SCh – 18 – Gray cast iron, 18 - – tensile strength, 18 kgf/mm2;
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3) Malleable cast iron KCh - 40 - 10, KCh 40-20 Marking of malleable cast irons: Letters KCh - (indicate ductile cast iron) Numbers - (1 - number - tensile strength, kgf/mm2, 2 - relative elongation, %) Example KN – 35 – 10 - Malleable cast iron, 35 - tensile strength, 35 kgf/mm2, 10 - relative elongation, 10%)
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4) High-strength cast iron ductile iron - 35 Marking of ductile cast iron: Letters ductile iron - (denote high-strength cast iron) Numbers - (1 - number tensile strength, kgf/mm2, 2 - relative elongation, %) Example ductile cast iron - 42 - 12 - malleable cast iron , 42 - tensile strength, 35 kgf/mm2, 12 - relative elongation, 10%)
5) Anti-friction cast iron - obtained on the basis of gray, high-strength and malleable cast irons. Marking of anti-friction cast iron: Letters АЧ– (indicate anti-friction cast iron) Numbers – brand number according to GOST Example AChS – 2, anti-friction gray cast iron, 2 – brand number according to GOST.
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6) Alloyed cast irons are cast irons into which special elements are introduced to improve the properties of the cast irons.
X – CHROME; D – COPPER T – TITANIUM M – MOLYBDENUM N – NICKEL Y – ALUMINUM S – SILICON G – MANGANESE F - VANADIUM
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ChN 1KhMD – alloyed cast iron, nickel content – 1%, molybdenum and copper content – up to 1.5%
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Answer form: a combination of the number of the question and the letter of the answer. Answer options: a) gray b) white c) malleable d) high-strength
What is the name of cast iron in which carbon is contained in the form of cementite?
What is the name of cast iron produced by slow cooling? What is spherical cast iron called? What kind of cast iron is converted into steel? What is the name of cast iron obtained by annealing? What is the name of cast iron in which carbon is in the form of graphite plates? What is the name of the cast iron obtained as a result of modification? What is the name of cast iron with graphite in the form of flakes? Which cast iron has high casting properties? Which cast iron has high ductility?
White cast iron White cast iron is characterized by the presence of carbon in the form of cementite (Fe 3 C). White cast iron is characterized by: high hardness brittleness high wear resistance Typically, white cast iron is not machined and is used for conversion into malleable cast iron.
Properties of gray cast iron Gray cast iron has high casting properties and is easy to cut. Widely used in mechanical engineering. To improve the mechanical properties, gray cast iron is modified by adding aluminum or calcium.
Anti-friction cast iron Anti-friction cast irons are produced on the basis of gray, high-strength and malleable cast irons. ASF cast iron is alloyed with: chromium (0.2-0.4%), nickel (0.2-0.4%), copper (0.3-2%), aluminum (0.4-0.8%). AChV cast irons are alloyed with: copper (0.7%), magnesium (0.03%). ABC cast irons are alloyed with: copper (1-1.5%).
Marking of heat-resistant cast iron The designation of the brand of heat-resistant cast iron includes: the letter CH (denotes “cast iron”); the letters H, X, G (denote the alloying elements nickel, chromium, manganese); the letter Ш (indicates that graphite has a spherical shape); numbers behind the letter (indicate the percentage of alloying elements).
Heat-resistant cast iron Heat-resistant cast iron has the ability to resist oxidation at elevated temperatures. Alloyed with chromium, silicon, aluminum. Heat-resistant cast iron retains its properties at temperatures up to ° C.
Marking of heat-resistant cast iron The designation of the brand of heat-resistant cast iron includes: the letters ZhCH (indicate “heat-resistant cast iron”); the letters X, C, Yu (denote the alloying elements chromium, silicon, aluminum); the letter Ш (indicates that graphite has a spherical shape); numbers (indicate the percentage of alloying elements).
Marking of corrosion-resistant cast iron The designation includes: the letter CH (denotes “cast iron”); the letters X, T, M, D, N (denote the alloying elements chromium, titanium, molybdenum, copper, nickel); the letter Ш (indicates that graphite has a spherical shape); numbers (indicate the percentage of alloying elements).
3.White cast iron contains carbon in the form of: a) cementite; b) spherical graphite; c) lamellar graphite.
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Topic: "Cast irons. Classification of cast irons"
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1. Fluidity - the ability of metals and alloys in a molten state to fill the cavities of a casting mold (+) 2. Crystallization is the transition of a metal from a solid state to a liquid state (-) 3. Creep - the ability of a material to slowly and continuously deform plastically....(+) 4. Malleability - the ability of metals and alloys to be subjected to various methods of machining and cutting tools. (-) 5. Shrinkage - the ability of metals and alloys to shrink in size after solidification. (+) Blitz survey
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IMPURITIES HEALTHY HARMFUL MANGANESIS - increases the hardness of cast iron SILICON - increases strength and toughness, improves casting properties. SULFUR - reduces strength, worsens casting properties PHOSPHORUS - increases fragility
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depending on the degree of graphitization, which determines the type of fracture, into gray, white and half (or bleached); depending on the shape of graphite inclusions - into cast iron with lamellar, spherical (high-strength cast iron), vermicular and flake (malleable cast iron) graphite; depending on the purpose - for structural and cast iron with special properties; according to the chemical composition - alloyed and unalloyed. Classification and properties of cast iron.
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Classification of cast iron: 1. By structure: 1) Primary cast iron - white or pig iron (c = 3.7% - 4.5%) Fe3C - cementite for producing steel. 2) Gray or cast iron. grade: SCh – 15 Marking of gray cast iron: Letters SCh – (indicate gray cast iron) Numbers – tensile strength, kgf/mm2; Example SCh – 18 – Gray cast iron, 18 - – tensile strength, 18 kgf/mm2;
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3) Malleable cast iron KCh - 40 - 10, KCh 40-20 Marking of malleable cast irons: Letters KCh - (indicate ductile cast iron) Numbers - (1 - number - tensile strength, kgf/mm2, 2 - relative elongation, %) Example KN – 35 – 10 - Malleable cast iron, 35 - tensile strength, 35 kgf/mm2, 10 - relative elongation, 10%)
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4) High-strength cast iron ductile iron - 35 Marking of ductile cast iron: Letters ductile iron - (denote high-strength cast iron) Numbers - (1 - number tensile strength, kgf/mm2, 2 - relative elongation, %) Example ductile cast iron - 42 - 12 - malleable cast iron , 42 - tensile strength, 35 kgf/mm2, 12 - relative elongation, 10%)
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5) Anti-friction cast iron - obtained on the basis of gray, high-strength and malleable cast irons. Marking of anti-friction cast iron: Letters АЧ– (indicate anti-friction cast iron) Numbers – brand number according to GOST Example AChS – 2, anti-friction gray cast iron, 2 – brand number according to GOST.
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X – CHROME; D – COPPER T – TITANIUM M – MOLYBDENUM N – NICKEL Y – ALUMINUM C – SILICON G – MANGANEZ F – VANADIUM 6) Alloyed cast irons are cast irons into which special elements are introduced to improve the properties of cast irons.
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ChN 1KhMD – alloyed cast iron, nickel content – 1%, molybdenum and copper content – up to 1.5%
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What is the name of cast iron in which carbon is contained in the form of cementite? What is the name of cast iron produced by slow cooling? What is spherical cast iron called? What kind of cast iron is converted into steel? What is the name of cast iron obtained by annealing? What is the name of cast iron in which carbon is in the form of graphite plates? What is the name of the cast iron obtained as a result of modification? What is the name of cast iron with graphite in the form of flakes? Which cast iron has high casting properties? Which cast iron has high ductility? Answer form: a combination of the number of the question and the letter of the answer. Answer options: a) gray b) white c) malleable d) high-strength
“Electric current in metals” - Electric current in metals. High temperature superconductivity. Table of contents. Scientists hope to obtain the substance in a superconducting state at room temperature. The total charge flowing through the circuit was measured by the deflection of the galvanometer needle. The experience of Tolman and Stewart (part 1). Superconductivity is observed not only in elements, but also in many chemical compounds and alloys.
“Metal Properties” - Physical properties of metals. Bronze Brass Cupronickel Duralumin. The heaviest metal is osmium. Density of metals. The lightest metal is lithium. History of the discovery of metals. Cast Iron Steel. Plasticity Electrical conductivity Thermal conductivity Metallic luster. Presentation in chemistry on the topic “Physical properties of metals” for 9th grade students.
“General properties of metals” - All steels have their own markings. Examples of interpretation and designation of steels. The term "duralumin". Application of alloy steels. Aluminum. Characteristic. Titanium. Self-test. Physical properties. Use of iron and its alloys. Cutting and measuring tools. Properties of materials and semi-finished products.
“Properties of metals” - Periodic table of D. I. Mendeleev. When cooled, alloys with the desired properties are formed: low-melting, heat-resistant, acid-resistant, etc. Ca is a reducing agent. Na is a reducing agent. The production of alloys is based on the ability of molten Me to dissolve in each other. Physical properties (continued).
“Physical properties of metals” - Laboratory work “Physical properties of metals”. Conducts heat, Model of the structure of the atom. Physical properties of metals: Crystal lattice of metal. Durable, Not transparent, silver-gray in color (except for copper - red and gold - yellow), All metals are hard, except for Hg, Simple substances - metals.
“Electrical conductivity of metals” - Semiconductor rectifiers are very compact and have high efficiency. Energy gap Eg = 2? ? region of forbidden energy states. As a result, current will flow through the external circuit from the p-region to the n-region. Photons absorbed by the pn junction region will generate electrons and holes. Schematic diagram of a contact between two semiconductors with p- and n-type conductivity (a).
